Oral cancer is a serious disease that can threaten your life if not caught early. Millions of people worldwide are affected by it. The good news is that finding it early gives you a better chance of successful treatment. Knowing the signs of oral cancer and your risk factors can help you stay safe.
Oral cancer is cancer that starts in the mouth or throat. This includes the lips, gums, tongue, the roof and floor of your mouth, and even your cheeks. The most common type of oral cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, which makes up most cases.
Signs of Oral Cancer
If you notice any of the following symptoms, it’s important to see your dentist as soon as possible.
Mouth Sores That Won’t Heal
One of the main signs of oral cancer is mouth sores that don’t heal after two weeks. These sores might look like red or white patches, ulcers, or lumps in your mouth or on your lips. If you see anything unusual like this in your mouth that doesn’t go away, it’s a good idea to have it checked out by a dentist or doctor.
Sore Throat That Lasts
A sore throat or hoarse voice that doesn’t go away after a few weeks could also be a warning sign. This is especially concerning if it comes with trouble swallowing or a lump in your throat. If your throat feels sore or your voice changes for a long time, get it looked at by a healthcare professional.
Lumps or Swelling in Your Mouth or Neck
Lumps or thickened areas in your mouth, throat, or neck may be a sign of oral cancer. These lumps might not hurt or could be tender when touched. They could also get bigger over time. If you notice swelling or lumps that don’t go away, make sure to get them checked by your dentist. If it feels like something is stuck in your throat, don’t ignore it—seek medical help quickly.
Risk Factors for Oral Cancer
There are several risk factors that increase the chance of getting oral cancer. It’s helpful to know what they are and talk to your dentist about your personal risk.
Tobacco Use
Using tobacco is one of the biggest risk factors for oral cancer. This includes smoking cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, as well as chewing or using smokeless tobacco. The chemicals in tobacco products can harm the cells in your mouth, making you more likely to get cancer.
Heavy Alcohol Use
Drinking a lot of alcohol is another major risk for oral cancer. Alcohol can irritate the mouth and throat, which makes the cells more likely to turn cancerous. If you use both tobacco and alcohol, your risk is even higher.
HPV Infection
The human papillomavirus (HPV) can also increase the risk of oral cancer. Some high-risk types of HPV are linked to cancer, especially in the back of the throat and the base of the tongue. These types of cancer are more common in younger people.
Stay Aware and Protect Yourself
By knowing the signs and risks of oral cancer, you can help protect yourself. Regular dental check-ups and paying attention to changes in your mouth or throat can make a big difference. If you notice anything unusual, don’t wait—get it checked out early to stay on top of your health.